The word Anatomy is originally Greek and means cutting or explaining the human body, and it is synonymous with the word تشريح in Arabic.

Anatomy includes multiple scientific divisions, not just traditional anatomy, such as biochemistry and electrical physics.

There are two main types of anatomy: Macroscopic (large anatomy seen with the naked eye) and Microscopic (small anatomy seen with a microscope).

What? I hope you are well. This is Dr. Abdulrahman Al-Sami with you. I will be

with you in the subject of anatomy through the platform. The first thing, after saying

In the name of Allah exactly, let's say, actually this word is amazing. It tells you that it is originally

a Greek word. Greek, indeed. And this word means

to cut or to explain the human body. Good? So

the word anatomy is synonymous with what? The word anatomy or even in Arabic, dissecting

actually what do you call it? Isn't this anatomy? But now, as I explain

to you anatomy, do you see me sitting with you? And I bring a corpse and sit

and explain with you? No. So do you see me opening the camera and dissecting a corpse

in front of me? No. So now the word anatomy has become broader and more comprehensive.

Subdivisions or branches of other sciences.

Biochemistry or chemistry.

Nuclear chemistry or modern chemistry.

Electrical physics and modern physics and so on. So I have every science that is a branch or subdivision. So what are the two divisions?

Simply. So I won't forget, I will group them in twos. For example,

I have two: one big and one small. One big and one small.

Meaning one is called macroscopic. Macroscopic. You might say isn't that microscope because it sees the small thing? I said macro.

The opposite is called microscopic. So I have macroscopic

meaning big. Microscopic means small. What's the difference? It means that

macroscopic is when I bring a corpse and dissect it and see its organs with the naked

eye or with the naked eye. So I see what? I see big things.

I actually see them with the naked eye without using a microscope or any device. So I can also call this

macroscopic anatomy. I mean big. Right?

Meaning I see the big things. By the way, there is a third name you might call it

you might call it because I see it or the corpse. Never mind. What?

I have what? In anatomy, I might call it this

that I see the body with. Okay? Continuing, it means that if I

look at microscopes under the microscope, you call it microscopes under the microscope.

And keep in mind that this is the subject you will study in college

called histology.

You know histology means tissues.

And these tissues and cells you see with the microscope.

The subject that studies tissues and cells under the microscope is called Histology.

Embryology studies human life from the beginning of its formation inside the womb until birth.

Practical anatomy applies anatomical knowledge to practical cases such as surgery.

Radio Graphic Anatomy is the study of organs using radiology and medical imaging such as X-rays, CT scans, and MRI.

You see the structure of the cells.

And if you didn't see the structure clearly, it appears on the name.

But you saw it under the microscope, so the microscope is the one called

histology later.

Okay? Alright.

Now I want to take another topic? Okay.

There are two, time passes. There is a type called

we must see human life from its beginning of formation,

from when it was a fetus until it dies.

So I see the changes that happen in the human

over time. I will take from this anatomy its first part,

which is inside the womb,

which is the age of the fetus,

and I will call it embryology.

Embryology means the science of embryos.

Embryo means fetus.

Embryology means the science of embryos.

The science of studying embryos.

Or studying the processes that happen

but where? In intrauterine life,

or inside the womb.

Okay.

In the anatomical field, it says there are many studies,

for example, I have a type.

If I take all these things and apply them,

I will call these layers, so this science becomes practical. I call it what?

What does practical mean? Okay. There is another type called what?

We call it a word that means what? It means that I see by radiation. What does that mean?

By radiation? Imagine someone comes to me with pulmonary inflammation.

So I want to see the lung from inside if it is inflamed or not. Does it show

healing or not? So is it possible that I open and explain and see the lung?

No, of course not. Of course, I will do a radiograph from outside. After I have done

a radiograph and used X-ray or used radiology, meaning I used radiation.

So I will call myself what? Radiographic. I am reassured. Okay.

There is a type, for example, we call it surface. I am reassured. Surface from its name

means surface. What does that mean? For example, now the doctor comes

and puts, for example, a stethoscope on your heart to hear what? To hear your heart sounds. Does

Surface Anatomy studies the boundaries of an organ from the skin surface and is used in clinical examination such as listening to the heart sound with a stethoscope.

he dissect and see exactly where the heart is? Does he put a retractor? No. He puts

the stethoscope? No. From outside, from the surface, from the skin, he knows that

the heart is in this area. He puts the stethoscope on this area because

of surface anatomy, which is the study in college. He knows that he will put the stethoscope

here. For example, the surgeon to perform surgery. For example, he wants to operate on

the liver. Why doesn't he operate in the chest? Because he knows

from the surface, from the skin, from outside. And he knows that the organ

is exactly under this area. So I have a word that means that I

Subdivisions of anatomy.

The word anatomies means that it makes us explain its types

to study the types of anatomies.

It is specialized in structure. The word anatomy always opens the word structure

that belongs to

one body.

Okay, types of anatomy you will find that there are sections.

For example, you will find macroscopic, which we called gross.

This studies big things with the naked eye.

With the naked eye.

If there is another type called microscopic anatomy,

I see the structure of cells under the microscope.

And this is what we called a new subject in college called histology.

You take a subject called histology.

You find there is a type called developmental anatomy.

It means studying the development of the human body over time.

And this studies from the beginning of intrauterine life.

And this area is called embryology.

And developmental anatomy continues until the human is born, lives, and dies.

This is part of it.

The knowledge you learned in anatomy or in medicine and surgery on the practical case to benefit from it.

The word surface anatomy.

The word surface anatomy.

It means that I see

the boundaries of the organ only.

From the skin surface.

From outside.

And this will benefit me, for example, it will benefit the surgeon from above.

It will benefit me when I come to feel the pulse.

I put my hand on the artery.

I do not see it.

It will benefit me when I come to put the stethoscope on the heart.

Or on the chest to listen to it.

Radiographic anatomy.

It means I study the organ.

The organs only, but how? By imaging methods that use radiation.

For example, ordinary X-rays, CT scans that work on

the bones. There is a type of CT scan called, what is it called?

Okay? This is the CT scan. You know when someone says

I did it on my knee. This is called magnetic.

Magnetic, which is MRI. Call it MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

Okay? This is my opinion. I brought the human.

And now I want to tell you what? I want to tell you about the organs and their relation

to each other. So I will, for example, tell you what? I will tell you I have

the heart, which is the heart, not hurt. Okay? I will tell you a fact.

Wrong, you used to say it like that. Correct, I put it for you that it is not allowed to say hurt, it is called

heart, not hurt. This heart is, for example, located above, which is the septum.

No. Someone might say no, the corpse is now lying down. So the heart is

next to the diaphragm, not above it. Someone might say no, the corpse

is seen standing upside down. So this means the heart is under the diaphragm.

The standard anatomical position is that the human stands upright, with the hands beside the body, and the face facing forward.

Hand terms include palm (the front of the hand) and dorsum (the back of the hand) with differences in hair and nails.

Bone terms in the forearm include ulna and radius, with clarification of the anatomical directions of the forearm.

And it must be understood clearly.

This is what we imagine as the anatomical position.

If you imagine that this position is upward compared to the other position.

Imagine that the section of the position is this.

And we call it the anatomical position.

We also follow the anatomical position.

It is well known that the anatomical position is known by all people or all doctors about the difference in the world.

Okay, how the person looks like this.

And the anatomical position.

We also followed the anatomical position.

A master of the anatomical position known by everyone or all doctors about the difference in the world.

How it looks like when the person has this appearance.

Okay, come on, describe number one standing, the one sitting no, this one is standing.

Standing tense, his body is erect, or is his body relaxed, what is it?

No, he is standing erect.

Look, where is his eye facing in front of me?

Good. Where is his head? The head also and the face are facing forward. Okay.

Look at the hands. Ah, the hands are made of two parts.

This is the palm of the hand, which is the part that is a bit open. The part that does not have hair.

And there is the back of the hand, which is what? It has hair or nails or something like that.

Okay? So the back of the hand is called the palm, the palm that you were climbing on. Okay?

And the back of the hand is called the dorsal side. Okay? Good. So who is in front? Who is forward? The palm or the dorsal side?

No, the palm. You would say that it is important to differentiate the palm and the dorsal side and the back. Okay, yellow hand.

I tell you no, it does make a difference. It makes a difference. For example, if you bring me the forearm, you will find that I remember from biology days that it has two bones in the forearm, which are the ulna and the radius.

Okay? Right. So the ulna bone we used to call it and the radius we used to call it what?

The shiny one.

What do you mean? You had? But that bone was called what? It was called what?

What was it called? Okay. And the other one we call it what? Right? No. So what is the difference?

I mean, I should have the one that is letter H which is the ulna.

And actually the word I will take it a bit later when we take the anatomical terms, it said it means outward.

And the radius, it should be the one that is inward. Like this. Or pronation. And we said what with what?

We said what with what? Which means this. The radius is inward. Not usually normal. Normally the radius is outward and the ulna is inward. And the thumb finger should be outward.

I think all of this I will describe or do it when it is the... and we should say that the palm should be directly and be directly with the living.

And the thumb should be directly or should be outward.

Do your legs cross each other or not?

No, I open them like this and do not cross them.

Help so that their characteristics do not travel between each other and only their characteristics travel in the living.

The first is that they should be next to your body and we raise them like wings.

And you should close them exactly at the side of the body.

When you close under these conditions, it will tell you that you are in the anatomical position.

And I can study anything on you in the work.

Stand number 1, stand erect.

And your head should be in front of me.

And your arms should be hanging beside your body.

The palms also and the dorsal side, I think number one your fingers are extended.

And the fifth finger, where will it be? I will look away from the body.

Look outside, now you know that looking outside means lateral.

Your feet are spaced slightly apart, meaning there is a very small space between them.

I think the toes, which means be careful fingers means fingers of the hand.

Toes means toes of the foot. Okay? What is it looking at? What is it looking at? Good?

Okay. Good. In the name of God, come on, let's explain. Should we explain like this? Or explain like this? Or explain like this? Let's explain like this? How to explain?

I tell you, I have levels for anatomy. I have levels for anatomy.

Look here, for example, this is what? This is a level. Like this. Going from inside backward.

Name it the sagittal. Right sagittal. Left sagittal. Okay? Good. This is my median.

Exactly in the middle of the body. I will not call it complete, meaning the level that is in the middle.

What does it mean? It means in the middle? It is called what? Good? No. Okay.

Let me go out a bit, let it be like right a bit or left a bit.

So it will be left, so this is in the middle? No, it will be beside the middle.

Okay? I just want to tell you something. What is it? It has another name. What is it called?

Anatomical terms include directions such as anterior (front), posterior (back), superior (above), and inferior (below).

The main anatomical planes are sagittal plane (a vertical plane dividing the body into right and left halves), frontal plane (dividing the body into front and back), and transverse plane (a horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower parts).

The cross-section is divided into a superior and an inferior part.

It tells you it has a name, what is it? Good? Okay. If I move it a bit to the right, it is called also maybe parasagittal.

So I have the one exactly in the middle that divides the body into two equal halves.

But the halves are right and left, not front and back and not up and down. No.

Two halves right and left exactly equal. I call it sagittal. And to emphasize it, I call it median.

I call it what? I call it median, meaning the median in the middle. Okay, he said.

If it is equal beside the middle, dividing the body into two parts right and left but not exactly equal, one big and one small because it is not exactly in the middle.

It is a bit to the right or a bit to the left, I call it what?

Okay, I understood that you call it for me because it is exactly in the middle. But where did you get this word from? Are you inventing terms or what? I tell you no.

It is a word that means, you know, I hope it is originally composed of what? Not from one bone.

But it is composed of eighty and twenty bones.

Eighty and twenty is a lot. And these bones are connected to each other by fibrous ligaments in this place.

Okay? What is a fibrous ligament? What is a fibrous ligament?

The ligament in this is called what? It is called what? So what does it mean?

It means the joint that is in the skeleton. Okay, just that.

We call it the sagittal suture. We call it what? Good? And the one in front of it is what?

It was a word like that, right? So we young people call it, we call it what? Good? Okay.

I thought that when it goes down like this, it passes the sagittal suture. It tells me, yes, it passes.

And this is the reason I named it. So I named it because it passes the sagittal suture. Good?

So does it mean that maybe another plane passes the coronal suture and I call it the coronal plane?

I tell you cut your head on your livelihood and no study. I also have a plane because it passes the coronal suture, I call it the coronal plane.

And it had an original name? To illustrate for you. Good? Okay.

Let me know again. Let's go back to it. What do we call it? I call it sagittal plane. And to be sure,

surely if it is in the middle, I call it median. But if it is not in the middle and it is a bit right or a bit left, I call it what?

Okay, come on, show me the planes. I say okay, I will erase, I will do that, erase all these and I talk about how many planes and talk to you for example about the plane that

I removed here, it is from right to left, so here the body has a front part and a back part. Okay?

What does the front part mean? It means a part in the part.

I call it the coronal plane.

And this is the one that passes from side to side.

So it divides the front part and the back part.

Okay, so what does the word front part mean?

When we talk, I will tell you that the word anterior means anterior.

And posterior means posterior.

So it divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

So I have another plane I call it.

This plane is called the frontal plane.

It divides the body into two parts, a front part in the front and a back part.

So we call it the frontal plane.

I can also call it the coronal plane.

Why? Because it passes through it. I was moving like this, right? I was writing line.

Okay. Okay. It will tell you what? It will tell you that it divides the body into two parts. Okay? Good.

Okay. There is another plane I see.

There is a plane that is transverse like this.

So I am doing a plane transverse.

It divides the body into two parts, first an upper part and a lower part.

Are we moving transverse? Yes, call the plane that is transverse, meaning across.

Transverse plane means across.

Okay, since you told me that there are two names for median plane.

Median and midsagittal, these are two names for the frontal plane, frontal and coronal.

Are there also two names for the transverse plane? I tell you I will not confuse you with anything.

The transverse plane is also called the horizontal plane.

Horizontal also means across.

And this divides the body into two parts.

An upper part and what? A lower part.

From the first part and a lower part.

And I did not talk now about anatomy as I told you that there are two words, the word anterior means front and means back.

I also tell you that the word upper equals the word superior.

Superior means where? And inferior means lower. So.

It divides the body into two parts, so first an upper part and a lower part. It is

And we proceeded transversely? Yes, call it the plane that is transverse, meaning across, meaning Transverse plane.

They were Transverse plane meaning across.

Okay, since you told me there are two names for median plane.

Median and midsagittal, these.

And these are two names for frontal plane: frontal and coronal.

Are there also two names for transverse plane? I tell you I won't confuse you with anything.

Transverse plane is also called horizontal plane.

Horizontal also means across.

And this divides the body into two parts.

An upper part. And it divides what? Into a superior part and an inferior part. And he did not speak.

Now about anatomy, as I told you there are two words: the word anterior.

It means front and it means back. I also tell you that the word upper equals.

The word superior. Superior means and inferior means lower. So.

When you get an MCQ. Who is the one that divides the body into two parts?

And you say O. So who is the bodal from the bodal that leaves the bodal?

You say, okay, if I specify for you and say yes, these parts equal. You do then.

You must say, okay, if he said that I also give him, what now, but I.

I suggest and you say that it is because it is next to the middle, not in the middle.

Not. So the one that leaves a body into two parts. You tell me, you tell me O.

And why did we name it because it is intermediate in what is in, okay? Alright. These are like this.

Its name has more than that but what? These are the famous ones.

And the ones that always exist in the curricula. Okay? I mean, all faculties will find.

Yes, they will have a name first, first, you will find them named, okay?

Then you find I read them what from our book? Okay? It tells you yes.

I have what? I have something called or the anatomical levels.

And you will start with the sagittal plane and this was a vertical plane, I must explain it below.

And we name some parts. And if he named them equal, I name it. If it was.

He named the two parts unequal, I name it. Okay? Now there is another plane.

Named and because it was intermediate in, I was also naming it, it was also vertical from.

Top to bottom and divides the body into two parts, anterior and posterior, which are.

Front and back. Because there is one that is the transverse. And I will name it or.

Which is the transverse. It is what? A transverse section. Because this divides me.

Between the parts there is a significant angle, like the angle between the coronal and the transverse planes.

All these parts are perpendicular to each other, and there are no planes parallel to each other except in special cases.

Anatomical planes are not always parallel; there are angles between different planes such as between coronal and sagittal planes.

When parts are parallel, the angle between them is significant and called oblique.

Directional terms are used to describe the relationship of organs to each other in the body.

Terms describing the relationship between organs include relations like anterior and superior between two organs.

It is important to remember these terms well before following the videos dedicated to explaining them.

Terms indicating directions between organs are important to understand their directional relationship.

Or the axial part. Okay? Something. If you look at this like this. This is it.

And if you look for example, you will find that between them what? There is an angle value. Right? So.

It is and also be careful that this is correct? You will find that all of these are recurrent.

On each other. For example, I looked like this. I found in what? In an angle.

Value yes. Between what? Between the coronal and. Also there is an angle value.

Between the mandible, between the trapezoid mass always you will find that what?

There is an angle value between every vertical plane on each other. There are no planes.

Parallel on each other. Except except except what? It tells you for example, Toli originally next to.

Each other parallel to each other. So you will find you will find when what? Okay, walking in a.

Right angle angle value no, these are the opposing ones. Okay? Alright.

Okay. Here is what? Here is what, let's continue? Come on, how?

Come on, I want to talk about or the terms that describe the relationship.

Of organs to each other. For example, the word relationship between two organs, one.

Is anterior relative to the other. Relationship between two organs, one is.

Superior relative to the other and so on. Let's talk, I talked about.

The terms that indicate directions. Right? Okay. But I will make it easy for you.

Come on. I want you to remember this first very well.

And after that, I will talk to you about or talk about the terms.

That concern the directional relationship between what? Between.

The organs to each other. Yes. I want you to remember this very well.

And accordingly, I will continue, uh, the terms uh that indicate directions in what?

In a dedicated video. Because why? So that you remember this. One.

And after that, what? You enter this while you remember the first thing. To attend.

Very, I had finished this video. Glory be to You and praise. I bear witness that there is no.

Except You. I ask Your forgiveness and repent to You. Goodbye.